| Z | Z-axis direction |
| Z | Z-axis rate of change |
| Z | Zulu (Greenwich mean time) |
| Z | impedance |
| Z | normal acceleration (load factor) |
| Z | spectral band pair ratio |
| Z | yaw axis |
| ZCG | impedance cardiogram |
| ZEM | zero effort miss |
| ZGT | zero-gravity trainer |
| ZI | zone of interior (continental USA) |
| ZIP | zodiacal infrared probe |
| ZL | Z-axis of Spacelab |
| ZLV | Z-axis, local vertical (payload bay toward Earth) |
| ZO | Z-axis of orbiter |
| ZOE | zone of exclusion |
| ZOT | rocket engine inner-manifold explosion |
| ZP | Z-axis of payload |
| ZPN | impedance pneumogram |
| ZS | Z-axis of solid rocket booster |
| ZSI | Z solar inertial (payload bay facing away from sun) |
| ZT | Z-axis of external tank |
| Zhy | Z-hybrid |